Abstract: Objective Investigate the behaviors of the cerebral ischemic rats after treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Methods Bone marrow of volunteer was collected and BMSCs were separated and cultivated. 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were performed transient (2 hours) middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO) and divided into treated group (n=12) and control group (n=12) .All the rats received corresponding behavioral training before surgery. 15?lhBMSCs (2×10 10cells/L) and D-hanks(15?l) were injected into the brain cortex after 24h of MCAO. Morris water maze test, NSS, Rotarod test and adhesive-removal test were performed serially and cyclically from the 4th day after transplantation. Result From the 8th day after transplantation, the mean escape time and the mean swimming distance of treated group is shorter significantly than control's in Morris water maze test（p<0.05）. From the 10th day, the mean latency period of treated group is longer significantly than control's in rotarod test with 10r/min. From the 13th day, the mean latency period of treated group is shorter significantly than control's in adhensive-removal test. Only two time points is different in NSS between the two groups. Conclusion Transplantation of BMSCs can improve the ability of learning and memory as well as the sensorimotor function recovery after stroke.